IPrism-Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula okanye ukusasaza imisebe yokukhanya.

Iprism yipolyhedron eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo (ezifana neglasi, ikristale, njl.). Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ze-optical. Iiprism zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi ngokweempawu zazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo ze-spectroscopic, "i-dispersion prism" ebolisa ukukhanya okuhlanganisiweyo kwi-spectra idla ngokusetyenziswa njengeprism elinganayo; kwizixhobo ezifana neeperiscopes kunye nebinocular telescopes, ukutshintsha indlela yokukhanya ukulungisa indawo yayo yokucinga kubizwa ngokuba yi "full prism". "Iiprism ezibonisayo" ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iiprism ezikwi-engile yasekunene.

Icala leprism: inqwelomoya okungena kuyo kuphume ukukhanya ibizwa ngokuba licala.

Icandelo eliphambili le-prism: i-plane perpendicular side ibizwa ngokuba licandelo eliphambili. Ngokwemilo yecandelo eliphambili, linokwahlulwa libe ziiprism ezinxantathu, iiprism ze-right-angle, kunye ne-pentagonal prisms. Icandelo eliphambili leprism ngunxantathu. Iprism inemiphezulu emibini ephindaphindayo, i-engile phakathi kwayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-apex, kwaye indiza ejongene ne-apex isezantsi.

Ngokomthetho we-refraction, i-ray idlula kwi-prism kwaye ijikwe kabini ukuya kumphezulu ongezantsi. I-engile q phakathi kwe-ray ephumayo kunye ne-ray yesiganeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-engile yokuphambuka. Ubungakanani bayo bunqunywe yi-index refractive n ye-prism medium kunye ne-angle angle i. Xa ndilungisiwe, ubude bamaza ohlukeneyo bokukhanya bunee-engile ezahlukeneyo zokuphambuka. Ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, i-angle ye-deflection yeyona inkulu yokukhanya kwe-violet, kwaye incinci yokukhanya okubomvu.