IiLensi zamehlo-IiLensi zeConvex kunye neConcave
Ingcaciso yeMveliso
I-Optical thin Lens - Ilensi apho ubukhulu bendawo esembindini inkulu xa ithelekiswa neradiyi yokugoba kwamacala ayo amabini. Ngeentsuku zokuqala, ikhamera yayixhotyiswe kuphela nge-lens convex, ngoko yayibizwa ngokuba "i-lens enye". Ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iilensi zanamhlanje zineelensi ezininzi zeconvex kunye ne-concave ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi ukwenza i-lens eguqukayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"compound lens". Ilensi yeconcave kwilensi ekhompawundi idlala indima yokulungisa ukuphambuka okwahlukeneyo.
Iimbonakalo
Iglasi ye-Optical inokukhanya okuphezulu, ukucoceka, ukungabi nambala, ukuthungwa okufanayo, kunye negunya elihle lokukhenkceza, ngoko ke yeyona nto iphambili yemveliso yelensi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kunye nesalathiso se-refractive, iglasi ye-optical ine:
● I-Flint glass - i-lead oxide yongezwa kwi-glass composition ukwandisa i-refractive index.
● Isithsaba seglasi eyenziwe ngokongeza i-sodium oxide kunye ne-calcium oxide kwi-glass composition ukunciphisa i-refractive index yayo.
● Iglasi yesithsaba seLanthanum - iindidi ezifunyenweyo, zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zesalathisi esiphezulu se-refractive kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokusasazeka, esibonelela ngeemeko zokudala iilensi eziphezulu ze-caliber.
Imigaqo
Iglasi okanye inxalenye yeplastiki esetyenziswa kwi-luminaire ukutshintsha indlela yokukhanya okanye ukulawula ukukhanya kokukhanya.
Iilensi zezona nxalenye zamehlo zisisiseko ezenza imicroscope optical system. Izixhobo ezinje ngeelensi zenjongo, i-eyepieces, kunye ne-condensers zenziwe ngeelensi enye okanye ezininzi. Ngokwemilo yazo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iilensi zeconvex (i-positive lens) kunye ne-concave lens (i-negative lens).
Xa umqa wokukhanya ohambelana ne-axis eyintloko ye-optical axis udlula kwi-convex lens kwaye unqumla kwindawo, le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi "focus", kwaye indiza edlula kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kunye ne-perpendicular kwi-axis ebonakalayo ibizwa ngokuba yi "focal plane". ". Kukho iindawo ezimbini ekugxilwe kuzo, indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwisithuba sento ibizwa ngokuba yi "object focal point", kwaye inqwelo-moya ekugxilwe kuyo ibizwa ngokuba "yinqwelo-moya ekugxilwe kuyo"; ngokuchaseneyo, indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwisithuba somfanekiso ibizwa ngokuba yi "image focal point". Inqwelomoya ekujongwe kuyo ibizwa ngokuba "yi-image square focal plane".
